Država Bosna i Hercegovina od međunarodnog priznanja suverenog položaja do članstva u EU i NATO-savezu / The State of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the International Sovereign Recognition to EU and NATO Membership

Abstract

The Bosnia and Herzegovina reclaimed the statehood during the Second World War after losing its medieval statehood and being a part of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During the Second World War, a wide and massive national liberation and anti-fascist movement got developed in Bosnia and Herzegovina. That movement served as the birthplace of the Bosnia and Herzegovina‟s statehood. By the power of Decisions of the First ZAVNOBIH 1 Session of 1943, Bosnia and Herzegovina established its statehood in the form of an equal federal state unit within the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia. During the socialist era from 1945 to 1990, Bosnia and Herzegovina achieved a high degree of economic, cultural and social development. During socialist period, the statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina was reinforced. After the collapse of socialism in Europe and Yugoslavia in 1990, the political pluralization of Bosnia and Herzegovina was carried out. During 1991 and in early 1992 when the Yugoslav dissolution had been ongoing, the multi-party Parliament of Bosnia and Herzegovina shaped the idea of calling for a citizens referendum on the independent and sovereign status of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results of the referendum of 29 February and 1 March 1992 were the basis for the international recognition of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the European Union, the United States and many countries around the world. The UN received Bosnia and Herzegovina on 22 May 1992. The Serbian Democratic Party, backed up by the Milosevic regime in Serbia rejected an independent and autonomous development of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement in 1995 ended the three and a half aggression against the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Dayton Peace Agreement provisions confirmed and strengthened international and legal subjectivity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The post-Dayton political development of the Bosnia and Herzegovina's is following the historic path of integration into the European Union and NATO. In that regard, reforms enabling the establishment of BH institutions to strengthen the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina are carried out. In this context, the Council of Ministers' capacities got strengthened and expanded, a unified armed forces and security services formed, including the Court and Prosecution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. When Bosnia and Herzegovina receives the European Union and NATO membership, its statehood and sovereignty will reach the level of equal sovereignty with all other European Union member states.