Pregled: časopis za društvena pitanja / Periodical for social issues

San o Evropi / Dream of Europe

Husnija Kamberović — 2025-05-30

Text is a book review Mijat Lakićević, Ljudi (i) institucije. Desimir Tošić, Latinka Perović, Vladimir Gligorov, Zoran Đinđić. Novi Sad: Akademska knjiga, 2024, 206 str.

Promet na željeznici, autocesti, cestama i avionom u Bosni i Hercegovini / Railway, Highway, Road and Air Transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Enver Ajanović — 2025-05-30

Željeznički, cestovni, riječni i avionski promet u BiH do sada nije bio potpuno skladu sa Općim okvirnim sporazumom za mir u BiH (u daljem tekstu: DMS). U (zajedničkim) institucijama BiH do sada su samo djelimično ispoštovane odredbe ovog Sporazuma, jer su neosnovano usvajani i objavljivani pravni akti o sve četiri vrste prometa. U DMS Aneksi 4, 6. i 9. su njegovi jedini formalni izvori. Ova imperativna norma krši se zajedničkom nadležnošču FBiH i kantona za komunikacijsku i transportnu infrastrukturu u skladu sa Ustavom Bosne i Hercegovine u upravnim poslovima željezničkog, cestovnog i avionskog prometa, dok Ustav RS formalnopravno nije protivan DMS. Paralelna zakonodavna funkcija u ovim upravnim poslovima je protivna DMS, pa u pravnom poretku može ostati samo Zakon o željeznicama BiH. Njegov materijalni dio mora se proširiti sadržajem Zakona o željeznicama FBiH i Zakona o željeznicama RS. Njihove pojedine odredbe protivne DMS nikako ne mogu ostati na snazi. Ovim izmjenama upravno organizaciono pravo će se djelimično promijeniti. Tako će ojačati efektivna vlast u Ministarstvu prometa i komunikacija BiH, Regulatorni odbor će se usklađivanjem sa Ustavom BiH preimenovati u Regulatornu agenciju, a JP Željeznice FBiH i JP Željeznice RS moraju se pripojiti Javnoj željezničkoj korporaciji BiH, koja će biti dio Javnog transportnog preduzeća BiH. Zakon o međunarodnom i međuentitetskom cestovnom prevozu nije u potpunosti normiran, jer u njemu nedostaju odredbe o autocesti (autoputu). Mogu se prenijeti iz Zakona o cestama FBiH i Zakona o javnim putevima RS. JP Autoputevi i JP Putevi RS, te JP Autoceste i JP Ceste FBiH spojiće se u jedno preduzeće da bude sastavni dio Javnog transportnog preduzeća BiH. Takvi zakoni u entitetima će ostati na snazi bez organa upravljanja prevozom u cijeloj BiH. Istom preduzeću pripojiće se JP Luka Brčko distrikta d.o.o. Avionski promet mora prestati biti u nadležnosti entiteta i mora se prenijeti u isključivu nadležnost (zajedničkih) institucija BiH, jer se samo tako može ispoštovati vladavina prava. Aneks 9 ne važi i za zračni promet.

Pragmatizam EU pri instrumentalnoj utilizaciji institucionalizacije podataka / Pragmatism of the EU in Instrumental Utilization of Data Institutionalization

Mirza Dinarević — 2025-05-30

This paper is comprised of the following parts: Introduction, Stable institutionalization as the answer, The foundation of institutionalization, How close is institutionalization to the EU? The EU's institutionalization through soft law and Conclusions/considerations. Using primarily legal but also economic analytical methodology, it will be illustrated that despite the criticism of international institutions and institutionalization in general, it is important to understand their usefulness and purpose in the larger scheme of things when it comes to digital trade, i.e. data. Although, in legal circles, institutionalization is understood to be embryonic with connotations of it being ‘thin’ or ‘thick’, it is largely dependent on the executive understanding of norms and their capacity for development and interpretation. There is no self-evident form for the institutionalization of regional trade integrations. A taxonomy or selection of options or best practices does not exist. It will be highlighted that there is no hard and fast rule on regulatory coherence and institutionalization that has a direct impact on the ‘thickness’ of institutional design, which does not necessarily mean dynamic transnational or supranational governance. Ultimately, a thread is revealed that connects the work of the European Court of Justice, national courts and significant institutional enforcement in the form of the emergence of new forms of economic integration based on looser forms of intergovernmental relations but also a turn away from ‘thick’ forms of institutionalization, in effect moving away from EU models.

Interkulturalne kompetencije učenika osnovne škole u odnosu na njihova socio-pedagoška obilježja / Intercultural Competences of Elementary School Students in Relation to their Socio-Pedagogical Characteristics

Brane Mikanović — 2025-05-30

Intercultural competences are one of the basic skills for the individual’s functioning in modern society. The constant need for rapid adaptation to changes and cooperation with members of other cultures, increasingly imposes the need for new patterns of behavior. Openness to differences, tolerance, communication skills and other determinants of interculturalism, become the basis for successful cooperation from an early age. Raising children to live and work in a multicultural environment is a matter of the current progress of the individual, but also future development of the wider social community. Possessing the competences to navigate and live in any ethnic, religious or national group is a condition for personal development but also for the progress of the entire society. The paper examines the self-assessment of intercultural competences of primary school students in relation to their gender, grade and school success. The data were collected using the intercultural competence scale. The results of the statistical analysis prove that higher results on the intercultural competence scale are achieved by female respondents, higher grade, and better school success. A statistically significant difference was shown in all three segments examined. Given that school success is a significant predictor of the examined competencies, the obtained results can be useful for the future direction of educational practice. By encouraging students to achieve better school success, we directly influence other segments of the personality that would contribute to the development of skills necessary for the individual's future. The obtained results leave space for further research into the causes of the identified differences.

Ritzerova mekdonaldizacija društva: Pomračenje uma, racionalnost i dehumanizacija savremenog svijeta / Ritzer's Mcdonaldization of Society: Eclipse of Reason, Rationality and Dehumanization of the Contemporary World

Rifat Aličković — 2025-05-30

The McDonaldization of society is the process by which the principles governing the operation of McDonald's restaurants become the principles guiding the functioning of society—education, politics, healthcare, administration, judiciary etc. These principles are efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. Ritzer’s analysis begins with modern American society, though he notes that this is a process gradually encompassing the entire world. McDonaldization is not a unique global phenomenon – it is the outcome of a long process of modernization. The central feature of this process is a transformation in which objective reason—the belief that the world is governed by Reason regulating both social and natural phenomena—has been substituted by subjective reason - which is strictly concerned with calculations of utility, probability, and personal benefit. If in the past, an individual's goal was to align their reason with the objective order and submit to it, now, due to the inability to conceptualize such objectivity, the goal is to establish personal standards of behavior and goals achieved through utilitarian calculation. This overall orientation has shaped the institutional architecture of modern civilization, where the paradigmatic model of such a society, characterized by its inherent rationalization, is bureaucracy – but for Ritzer, it's McDonald's. While Ritzer acknowledges certain advantages of this process, it is ultimately the negative aspects that characterize this phenomenon as concerning and potentially dehumanizing.

Cikličnost slikarskih pojava – Obnova slikarstva / Cyclicity of Painting Phenomena – Renewal of Painting

Adela Nurković-Kulenović — 2025-05-30

The cycllicity of painting phenomena is a visible phenomenon that manifests in the periodic changes of trends, techniques, and aesthetics. As with other phenomena that shape life, the phenomenon of returning to the beginning, or repetition, has always been of interest for study. This phenomenon is also present throughout the history of art. For example, we can observe cyclicity in the return of classical themes and styles across different periods of art history. After periods of innovation and experimentation, artists often revert to traditional techniques and motifs, drawing on the aesthetics of previous epochs. This rediscovery of old techniques can be a result of nostalgia, as well as a need to express universal themes that are always present in human consciousness. Moreover, cyclicity can be observed in the succession of artistic movements, where new movements often arise as reactions to previous ones. For example, Impressionism emerged as a reaction to the rejection of the classical conventions of academic painting, while Post-Impressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism emerged as reactions to the Impressionist style. Additionally, technological progress plays an important role in the cyclicity of painting phenomena. In today’s digital age, technology enables artists to express and create in new ways, but it also inspires a return to traditional techniques as a counterpoint to modern digital painting. In short, the cyclicity of painting phenomena is a complex process that demonstrates the continuous evolution of art across different epochs, always leaving space for reinterpretation and innovation. This dynamism contributes to the richness and diversity of artistic work, making painting an endlessly fascinating area for research and creation.

Antropokozmički vidici slobode u filozofiji znanosti / Anthropocosmic Freedom Horizons in the Philosophy of Science

Rusmir Mahmutćehajić — 2025-05-30

The text body of this essay corresponds to the paper the author presented in the International Academy of Sciences and Arts in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 25 May 2024, on the occasion of becoming a laureate as a recognition of author’s scientific opus and excellence.

Freedom of Speech and Social Interaction in the Post-Communist Balkans: A Call for Cultural Education / Sloboda govora i komunikacija u društvu u postkomunističkom Balkanu: Poziv za edukaciju

Esad Boškailo — 2025-05-30

In the former Yugoslavia, the communist era was marked by a relatively mild form of socialism compared to other Eastern Bloc countries. While life was more liberal under Tito’s leadership, there were undeniable restrictions, particularly on freedom of speech. Media was partially controlled, and criticism of public figures, government policies, or political movements was limited. Open expression, though not completely suppressed, was carefully monitored, creating a social environment where people became accustomed to self-censorship.